This study was conducted during summer and winter of 2018- 2019 in the agricultural research field of Shahid Chamran University. Experimental design was split- plot based on RCBD with three replications. The main plot was the type of agricultural system in three levels including conventional (Conv), organic (Org) and sustainable (Sust) (integrated between Conv and Org) and sup- plot was the type of pre- cultivated crop in sequence with wheat including cultivation of mung bean (M- W), corn (C- W), sesame (S- W) and fallow (F- W). Yield quantity (yield and its component) and quality (grain protein), an estimate of photosynthesis matter transfer index of wheat and soil organic carbon (SOC) after one double-cropping were measured. The result showed that the highest (545.04 g/m2) and the lowest (409.28 g/m2) seed yields were obtained in Conv and Org respectively. In contract, with the changing type of system from Conv to Org, grain protein was increased significantly (from 8.3 to 9.6 %). In addition, the highest (535.47 g/m2) yield of wheat was obtained from M- W double cropping. On the other hands the highest remobilization and current photosynthesis matter were obtained in the organic agricultural system with M- W and conventional with M- W double cropping. The situation of SOC showed that the highest (33.18 mg/g) SOC was obtained in the organic agricultural system with C- W double cropping. The reason for improving SOC in the organic and sustainable agricultural system was application of organic matter (compost and vermicompost) and crop residue management. Totally, from the crop ecology point of view, sustainable agricultural method with a sequence of M- W was the most desirable system.

The city's regeneration is one of the strategies that lead to urban deterioration and inefficient textures towards revitalization. Using SYSTEMS thinking on the subject of reinvention can lead to the identification of complex SYSTEMS that are considered effective in producing and reproducing worn-out textures. In this regard, this study was to benefit from a systemic approach in identifying the the roots of the PRODUCTION and rePRODUCTION of historical/worn-out textures in Semnan city. The leading research is among the applied research, and in terms of information and data analysis, it uses the descriptive-analytical method. The tool for collecting information is also in documents and surveys. The statistical population of the research was 18 university professors, experts, and officials familiar with the urban fabric of Semnan, who were selected by the snowball method. In the end, using experts' opinions, 24 variables were selected as effective drivers of Semnan's PRODUCTION-rePRODUCTION system of worn tissue. MicMac software was used for structural-interpretive analysis of variables. The results show that the rules and regulations governing the regeneration of the studied area are the most important and effective factors. Also, the special ownership conditions governing barren, ruined, and ruined lands have caused the private sector to have no incentive to invest in this area and reproduce the existing conditions. With the continuation of the current process, the existing situation is reproduced. Breaking this round of the rePRODUCTION process requires a constructive look at the target neighborhoods from the city administration and government agencies, which can provide the basis for the presence of private sector investors in these neighborhoods

Identifying the constraining factors of PRODUCTION and yield gap is very important. Therefore; this research was performed to identify the PRODUCTION constraining factors of local rice cultivars. All management practices from nursery preparation to harvesting stages for 100 paddy fields of local rice cultivars were recorded through field studies, in Sari, from 2015-2016. In the CPA, the actual and calculated potential yield were 4495 and 5703 kg/ha, respectively and the gap was 1221 kg/ha. The yield gap caused by number of top-dressing variables was 324 kg/ha, equal to 27% of the total yield gap. The yield gap related to previous year of legumes cultivation was 218 kg ha-1, equal to 18% of the total yield variation. Among the 10 variables entered in the CPA model, the effects of top-dress fertilizer application and its application frequency and foliar application were remarkable, which could compensate a significant part of the yield gap (444 kg/ha, 37% of total) in the farmers’ fields by managing these variables. According to boundary line analysis (BLA) finding, actual yield mean on the basis of optimal limit related to 12 variables under study was 5369 kg/ha, with 881 kg/ha yield gap . Mean relative yield and relative yield gap for 12 variables (transplanting date, seedling age, number of seedlings per hill, planting density, nitrogen and phosphorous per hectare, nitrogen before transplanting, harvesting date, lodging problem, pest problem, diseases problem and weeds problem) were 83.64 and 16.35 kg/ha, respectively. Based on the finding, it can be stated that the model precision is appropriate and can be applied for both estimation of the quantity of yield gap and determining the portion of each restricting yield variables.

Air conditioning SYSTEMS are used in industries and residential environments with the aim of improving environmental conditions and creating a comfortable temperature for users. Considering the PRODUCTION of sound and vibration in most of its components, the lack of control of the PRODUCTION sound level always exposes the users to unwanted sound, which in addition to hearing complications, also causes fatigue and dissatisfaction with the environmental conditions. . Compressors are one of the most important sources of sound PRODUCTION in air conditioning SYSTEMS, and screw compressors are one of the most widely used in air conditioning industries. Therefore, the compressor shell should be designed to minimize the transmission of sound from inside to outside. Since the maximum working temperature of compressors is up to 80 degrees Celsius, therefore, in this research, an acoustic test was performed on a sample of a screw compressor shell in two modes of ambient temperature and maximum working temperature inside the acoustic room, and the effect of temperature increase on the sound pressure level. transferred from the shell to the external environment is discussed. Finally, based on the frequency analysis performed in two conditions of ambient temperature and maximum working temperature and comparing the amount of sound transmitted to the environment at different frequencies, practical solutions to reduce the amount of transmitted sound pressure have been presented.

Due to the high investment costs for deep-water subsea PRODUCTION SYSTEMS of high-value subsea fields, it is crucial to ensure a high availability to recover the investment. The problem is compounded by the cost of recovery, repair and replacement of failed equipment. Testing and reliability analyses are two pillars of reliability assurance; neither of them on their own assures the delivery of a reliable system. Possibly with more imaginative use of reliability methods, it is possible to optimise testing. It is suggested to use reliability analysis as a guide for allocating resources for testing. This paper outlines a SYSTEMS Engineering Framework to link the Client’s requirements for equipment reliability, as a means of proving the desired level of performance.This framework allows a better understanding of verification settings and strategies to handle constraints (e.g. costs, expandability, repair-ability, maintainability, intervention procedures, downtime, automation etc.) and performance measures, to achieve highly reliable PRODUCTION SYSTEMS. The bilateral links between the Client’s requirements and subsea equipment performance are established using the SYSTEMS engineering V-model. These links relate equipment performance to one or more of the Client’s requirements, which helps establish verification and validation testing strategies to enhance reliability and reduce project risk. The proposed procedure also assists risk management efforts by feeding the results of reliability analyses, testing and project risk analysis into validation processes, the SYSTEMS engineering measurement process ensures enhanced reliability.We define reliability assurance as a part of the SYSTEMS engineering processes to ensure the continued function and resilience of the PRODUCTION system from the downhole valve to the subsea equipment, housed on the topside or at an onshore terminal, in their operating environment and condition using the “Fit-For-Service” notion.

This paper deals with the problem of optimizing two-stage structure decision making units (DMUs) where the activity and the performance of two-stage DMU in one period e ect on its efficiency in the next period. To evaluate such SYSTEMS the e ect of activities in one period on ones in the next term must be considered. To do so, here a dynamic DEA approach presented to measure the performance of such network units. According to the results of proposed dynamic model the inefficiencies of DMUs improve considerably. Additionally, in models which measure efficiency score, undesirable outputs are mostly treated as inputs, which do not reect the true PRODUCTION process. This paper proposes an alternative method in dealing with bad outputs. Statistical analysis of sub-efficiencies, i.e. efficiency score of each stage, during all periods represents useful information about the total performance of the stage over all periods.

The performance of human resources is affected by various factors such as mental and physical fatigue, skill, and available time in the PRODUCTION SYSTEMS. Generally, these mentioned factors have effects on human reliability and consequently change the reliability of PRODUCTION SYSTEMS. Fatigue is a stochastic factor that changes according to other factors such as environmental conditions, work type, and work duration. Many models have been proposed to quantify fatigue in order to control its effect on reliability, but most of them considered the fatigue as a deterministic variable, while this factor is uncertain. In this paper, we propose a stochastic model for human fatigue with the aim of increasing the reliability. Considering the fatigue uncertainty, we use Chance Constraint (CC), and some methods are used to convert the model into the deterministic one. In the proposed model we consider the reliability of machines and the fatigue of human as two important factors in the PRODUCTION SYSTEMS' reliability. The proposed model has been applied to a real case and the provided results show that PRODUCTION system reliability can be calculated more effectively using the proposed model.